Since the beginning of creation, humanity has always felt the need for a safe shelter. These human shelters could be different according to the climate of different regions. Since long ago, man has been searching for a shelter for himself, to create beautiful and useful spaces that are not only a refuge for him from the attacks of nature, but also inspire his spirits, beliefs and creativity. This effort has created a great art called “architecture” that has evolved throughout history along with the evolution of human societies. In such a way that we can see today that due to knowledge and technology, it has reached the peak of its elegance and complexity. Iran, as a land of four seasons, has imposed special conditions for the architecture of houses to its people. We are going to examine the architectural principles of houses according to the climate of the region.
Architecture - art and human science
If we want to introduce this industry in general, it should be said that architecture is a science that deals with the design and construction of buildings. This science, by combining technical and engineering knowledge, principles of aesthetics and artistic creativity, creates spaces that, while being efficient and strong, also respond to the spiritual and psychological needs of humans. The incident that has caused the emergence of different styles of decoration. Among these styles, we can mention modern, classic, royal, neoclassical and minimal. Of course, these are only a part of the styles that are widely used today. Accordingly, today in the world we even see strange architectures. If you scroll through the materials related to various architectural styles, you will notice that there are several other architectural styles as well.
History of architecture in ancient lands
We said that humans have lived in different lands since the beginning of creation until now. This incident caused the face, dialect, language, genetics and other characteristics of humans to change due to the conditions of that area. The same is true in relation to architecture. Architecture in every land has been influenced by the culture, history, climate and resources available in that region. From the pyramids of Egypt and the temples of ancient Greece and Rome to the magnificent buildings of Iran and India, each of them tells a story and a special identity. Reviewing the history of architecture opens a window to human creativity and thought in different eras. The land of Iran, as an ancient land, has a huge history of architecture. Also, historically, we have witnessed the emergence of prominent Iranian architects who have created extraordinary works with their art.
Climate of regions: an important factor in architecture
First, think about the houses that are built in your neighborhood. Now compare these designs with other buildings that you have seen in other cities with different climates. You will definitely notice that there are differences, however small. Paying attention to the region’s climate in the design and construction of houses not only ensures the comfort and health of the residents, but also plays a significant role in energy consumption and conservation of natural resources. A home that adapts to the region’s climate will be cool in the summer and warm in the winter, minimizing the need for air conditioning systems. Of course, in addition to the type of architecture, various elements are also used in the decoration of houses that can help in this matter. Among these elements, thermowalls, acoustic panels, and thermowoods can be mentioned.
10 practical principles in climate architecture design
1- Using local materials of the climate
Have you seen the houses in the north of the country? Especially local and older houses. Definitely notice the use of many natural elements such as stone. You will become a stick. Materials such as stone, brick, clay and wood, which are found in abundance in each region, are naturally compatible with the climate of that region. In rainy and humid areas, the use of natural elements is much more practical.
2- The correct orientation of the building
One of the things that is given a lot of attention, especially in cold regions, is determining the basic angles of houses. It means trying to place the building in the correct direction of sunlight. Placing the building in the right direction can prevent direct sunlight in hot seasons and use natural light during the day. This also reduces energy consumption.
3- Shading design
Unlike cold regions, if you look closely at some buildings in tropical regions, you will notice the presence of sunshades. The use of these elements can prevent the sun’s heat from entering the building in hot seasons. In this way, excess energy consumption is effectively prevented, which is a positive step in the direction of green architecture.
4- Use of thermal insulation
Thermal insulation in the walls, ceiling and floor helps to maintain heat in winter and coolness in summer. Among these elements in the architecture and decoration industry, we can mention thermowall and acoustic panels for use on the wall. Thermowood can also be used for the floor.
5- Natural ventilation
You know that using natural ventilation can help cool the house in hot seasons. There are various elements to achieve this. The most prominent of them, which is used in decoration and architecture today, is the green wall. The use of green walls can greatly help to ventilate the environment.
6- Use of renewable energy systems
Today, due to the increase in the world’s population as well as the increasing urban life, many dangers threaten human natural energy sources. But what is the solution? The use of solar panels and wind turbines can help provide the energy needed by the house. This work can have a great impact on preserving natural resources.
7- Clean water collection system
One of the main ways to save a significant amount of water personally at home is to collect rainwater by means of special tanks. Collecting rainwater and using it to irrigate green spaces and non-potable uses can help preserve water resources. This technique has been used by many people since the past.
8- The use of plants in architecture
Using different plants in any climate can be useful and effective. For example, in hot environments, it can help to cool the air and in all environments, it can help the natural ventilation of the air. One of the best ways to use plants in homes is to use a variety of green walls.
9- Using the correct colors
In this case, you must have a good knowledge of color psychology. In science of color psychology, you will be told which colors are suitable for which environments and for which people. Also, in different hot climates, you can help to cool down the environment by choosing bright colors.
10- Open space design in architecture
First, let’s say what is meant by open space? In fact, these spaces mean spaces such as balconies, skylights, courtyards, etc. Taking advantage of such features can help to ventilate and cool the air in the hot seasons of the year. It also helps to provide entertainment for the residents.
Thank you for joining us in this article. As you have seen, in this article, we examined the principles of building houses in different climates. Climate architecture is a wise and sustainable approach in the design and construction of houses, which respects nature and human needs and creates spaces where people can have a better life. Here we have reviewed 10 important principles in this field. If you take a look at the old buildings that our predecessors designed, you will realize that observing these points can help people a lot. Don’t forget that nowadays we need to do things to reduce this issue due to the high consumption of energy. We hope that the presented material was useful for you. Ohaddeco Collection, a specialist in the field of design and production of decoration elements, is ready to start working with you dear ones. contact us.
